I am trying build a AR app using Vuforia. The app will be part of an art installation. The idea is that the app should recognize a wooden frame and display a portal to another world inside of it. See the following sketch for clarification:

I am wondering what would be the best approach to detect this frame. Because this is an art installation, we'd like to keep things as sober as possible. So preferable no large images. A pattern on the frontside of the frame could be an option, but I'm afraid this will make the art-work look less beautiful.
Maybe through object detection using a CAD drawing of the frame (but it's a very simple U-shape without a lot of features)?
Another option could be to place markers on the floor.
Or, is it possible to have a combination of images, objects, ground plane, markers, all working together provide steady tracking? How would that work?
What is important is that we have a high quality tracking, with as little flickering or drift as possible. And this during the entire time the user is exploring the virtual world.
Any ideas on how to best approach this?
So far, for testing, I've been using a large image placed on top of the frame, but in the art-installation this will not be possible.