In Oracle BI Publisher 12.2.1.0.0, I have to change the Catalog Type to "Oracle BI Publisher - File System" to enable the Guest Account. However, it's hardcoded and unchangeable. What should I do?

I tried to set up a new version (12.2.1.4.0), but it did not work.
You choose this setting once when installing your instance of BIP. You can't change it afterwards. The point of this setting is to allow installations of stand-alone BIP with File System - the historical, outdated way - or as a more modern installation which follows the catalog approach of Oracle Analytics (ex OBIEE).
If you choose File System, then you are setting yourself on a path which was abandoned as the standard way of doing things already over 7-8 years back.
Why would you want to do this?