How to add labels with categorical variables to a line chart in python?

Question

I have a dataset containing UAV data. I want to create a graph showing the altitude of the drone and the flight phase. On that graph I want to label the phases of flight (so take off, cruising, landing, etc). I can easily make the graph showing altitude, but I have no idea how to add in the flight phases. Could anyone help? I would like the flight phase to be visible on the altitude line graph. This could be either through colour coding, or through labels which signify when the flight phase starts/changes.

My data looks something like this (edited to add more data for clarification):

time (s)	phase	altitude
1	take off	10
2	take off	20
50	cruise	500
51	cruise	500
200	landing	20
201	landing	10
202	take off	10
203	take off	20
250	cruise	500
251	cruise	500
300	landing	20
301	landing	10

Answer 1

If you have data like this:

import pandas as pd

data = pd.DataFrame({
    "time": [i for i in range(1, 201)],
    "phase": ["take off"]*50 + ["cruise"]*100 + ["landing"]*50,
    "altitude": [i*10 for i in range(1, 51)] + [500]*101 + [i*10 for i in range(49, 0, -1)],
})
data

Output:

time    phase   altitude
0   1   take off    10
1   2   take off    20
2   3   take off    30
3   4   take off    40
4   5   take off    50
... ... ... ...
195 196 landing     50
196 197 landing     40
197 198 landing     30
198 199 landing     20
199 200 landing     10

You can try this:

import seaborn as sns
sns.lineplot(x="time", y="altitude", data=data, hue="phase")

Output: