Java graphic(color and font)

Question

I am learning java graphics from a book. I wrote this code and I wanted it to color the background with pinkColor and background of the Button with purpleColor, but the output is completely purple. How can I fix it? and also how can I apply f1 to a to have HELLO with Font f1 in output.

import java.awt.color.*;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class First {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Color purpleColor = new Color(120, 78, 140);
        Color pinkColor = new Color(120, 13, 14);
        String a ="HELLO";
        Font f1 = new Font(a, Font.BOLD + Font.ITALIC + Font.CENTER_BASELINE, 25);
        JFrame f = new JFrame();
        f.setSize(900,600);
        JButton b = new JButton(a);
        b.setSize(400,200); 
        f.setBackground(pinkColor);
        b.setBackground(purpleColor);
        f.add(b);
        f.setVisible(true); 
    }
}

Answer 1

See comments in code for details.

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class First {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Color purpleColor = new Color(120, 78, 140);
        Color pinkColor = new Color(120, 13, 14);
        String a ="HELLO";
        // CENTER_BASELINE should not be included in a Font style!
        //Font f1 = new Font(a, Font.BOLD + Font.ITALIC + Font.CENTER_BASELINE, 25);
        Font f1 = new Font(a, Font.BOLD + Font.ITALIC, 25);
        JFrame f = new JFrame();
        // default layout for a frame is BorderLayout
        // a component added to BL with no constraint will end up in CENTER
        // a component in center will be stretched to available size
        f.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
        f.setSize(300,200);
        JButton b = new JButton(a);
        // Must set the font! 
        b.setFont(f1);
        // will be (rightly) ignored by layout. Use setMargin(..)
        //b.setSize(400,200); 
        b.setMargin(new Insets(20,20,20,20));
        // Many calls relevant to the content pane of a frame were configured 
        // to pass directly through to it. The BG color was NOT one of them!
        //f.setBackground(pinkColor);
        f.getContentPane().setBackground(pinkColor);
        b.setBackground(purpleColor);
        // AFAIR, necessary for some PLAFs
        b.setContentAreaFilled(false);
        b.setOpaque(true);
        f.add(b);
        // Good practice
        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        f.setVisible(true); 
    }
}

Answer 2

You need to make sure the JButton is set to opaque.

b.setOpaque(true)

To set the font of a JButton use the setFont method.

b.setFont(f1)