Negative NaN is not a NaN?

Question

While writing some test cases, and some of the tests check for the result of a NaN.

I tried using std::isnan but the assert failes:

Assertion `std::isnan(x)' failed.

After printing the value of x, it turned out it's negative NaN (-nan) which is totally acceptable in my case.

After trying to use the fact that NaN != NaN and using assert(x == x), the compiler does me a 'favor' and optimises the assert away.

Making my own isNaN function is being optimised away as well.

How can I check for both equality of NaN and -NaN?

Answer 1

This is embarrassing.

The reason the compiler (GCC in this case) was optimising away the comparison and isnan returned false was because someone in my team had turned on -ffast-math.

From the docs:

-ffast-math
    Sets -fno-math-errno, -funsafe-math-optimizations, -fno-trapping-math,
    -ffinite-math-only, -fno-rounding-math, -fno-signaling-nans and
    fcx-limited-range.

    This option causes the preprocessor macro __FAST_MATH__ to be defined.

    This option should never be turned on by any -O option since it can result in
    incorrect output for programs which depend on an exact implementation of IEEE
    or ISO rules/specifications for math functions. 

Notice the ending sentence - -ffast-math is unsafe.

Answer 2

There's C99 isnan() which you should be able to use.

If in your implementation it does not work correctly (which one is that?) you can implement your own, by reinterpret_casting to long and doing IEEE bit magic.

Answer 3

This is based off the wikipedia article posted in the comments. Note that it's entirely untested -- it should give you an idea of something you can do though.

bool reallyIsNan(float x)
{
    //Assumes sizeof(float) == sizeof(int)
    int intIzedX = *(reinterpret_cast<int *>(&x));
    int clearAllNonNanBits = intIzedX & 0x7F800000;
    return clearAllNonNanBits == 0x7F800000;
}

EDIT: I really think you should consider filing a bug with the GLibc guys on that one though.

Answer 4

You can check the bits of number. IEEE 754 has defined mask for NaN:

• A signaling NaN is represented by any bit pattern between X'7F80 0001' and X'7FBF FFFF' or between X'FF80 0001' and X'FFBF FFFF'.
• A quiet NaN is represented by any bit pattern between X'7FC0 0000' and X'7FFF FFFF' or between X'FFC0 0000' and X'FFFF FFFF'.

This might be not portable, but if you are sure about your platfofm it can be acceptable. More: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/lnxpcomp/v8v101/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.xlf101l.doc/xlfopg/fpieee.htm

Answer 5

This looks like a bug in your library's implementation of isnan() to me. It works fine here on gcc 4.2.1 on Snow Leopard. However, what about trying this?

std::isnan(std::abs(yourNanVariable));

Obviously, I can't test it, since std::isnan(-NaN) is true on my system.

EDIT: With -ffast-math, irrespective of the -O switch, gcc 4.2.1 on Snow Leopard thinks that NAN == NAN is true, as is NAN == -NAN. This could potentially break code catastrophically. I'd advise leaving off -ffast-math or at least testing for identical results in builds using and not using it...

Answer 6

isnan() is expected to have undefined behaviour with -ffast-math.

This is what I use in my test suite:

#if defined __FAST_MATH__
#   undef isnan
#endif
#if !defined isnan
#   define isnan isnan
#   include <stdint.h>
static inline int isnan(float f)
{
    union { float f; uint32_t x; } u = { f };
    return (u.x << 1) > 0xff000000u;
}
#endif