Parentheses and Unary Operator Precedence in Java

Question

As per the order of precedence of operators, () is evaluated before unary operators like ++ or --. But let us consider the following code:-

int x = 1;
x = 2 + (x++);

If x++ is executed first, the value of x should have been updated to 2, and hence the value of x should have been 4. However, on executing the code, the value of x is 3. Does this mean that the expression was evaluated without considering the () around x++, or am I missing something?

Answer 1

"... As per the order of precedence of operators, () is evaluated before unary operators like ++ or --. ..."

The expression will be evaluated from left to right.
The Java® Language Specification – Chapter 15. Expressions

"... Does this mean that the expression was evaluated without considering the () around x++, or am I missing something?"

The parentheses are not denoting when the unary operator is evaluated.

I suggest reviewing the following Java tutorial.
Operators (The Java™ Tutorials > Learning the Java Language > Language Basics)

Answer 2

Let me try to explain this.

If you enclose the (x++). It is still evaluated, but its value is used before the increment (++) operation.

The order of your code goes like this:

1. (x++) is evaluated first. At this point x is still 1 and (x++) returns the original value of x (1) AND THEN increments x to 2.

2. After the x++ in parentheses is evaluated, the expression becomes x = 2 + 1, as the:

   Post-increment operator x++ returns the current value of x and then increments x. Therefore, in the expression x++ returns the current value of x, (which is 1) and then increments x to 2.

   So at the end of this step the expression x = 2 + 1 is 3.

3. At the end the result of the addition (3) is assigned to x. So the x is now 3.

For your code to return 4, you should use "++x" (pre-increment operator) This operator increments x first then returns the updated value of x. if you use the ++x in an expression, x is incremented before its value is used.

Hopefully I explained it well. :D