Prisma Error: Argument 'where' of type UserWhereUniqueInput needs at least one of 'id' or 'email' arguments

Question

I'm encountering an issue with Prisma while trying to update a user's password in my Node.js application. Whenever I attempt to change the password using the changePassword function in my authController.js file, I receive the following error:

PrismaClientValidationError: Invalid `prisma.user.findUnique()` invocation:
Argument `where` of type UserWhereUniqueInput needs at least one of `id` or `email` arguments.

Here's the relevant code snippet from my authController.js file:

const changePassword = async (req, res) => {
  // #swagger.tags = ['Authentication']
  /* #swagger.security = [{
        "bearerAuth": []
    }] */
  const { userId } = req.user; // Extracted from JWT token in auth middleware
  const { oldPassword, newPassword } = req.body;

  try {
    // Fetch user from database using userId
    const user = await prisma.user.findUnique({ where: { id: userId } });
    if (!user) {
      return res.status(404).json({ message: "User not found" });
    }

    // Validate old password
    const isMatch = await bcrypt.compare(oldPassword, user.password);
    if (!isMatch) {
      return res.status(400).json({ message: "Incorrect old password" });
    }

    // Hash new password
    const salt = await bcrypt.genSalt(10);
    const hashedPassword = await bcrypt.hash(newPassword, salt);

    // Update user's password
    await prisma.user.update({
      where: { id: userId },
      data: { password: hashedPassword },
    });

    res.json({ message: "Password updated successfully" });
  } catch (error) {
    console.error("Error changing password:", error);
    res.status(500).json({ message: "Server error" });
  }
};

and this is verifyToken middleware:

const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');

const verifyToken = (req, res, next) => {
  const authHeader = req.header('Authorization');
  if (!authHeader) return res.status(401).json({ error: true, message: 'Authorization header missing' });

  const token = authHeader.split(" ")[1];
  if (!token) return res.status(401).json({ error: true, message: 'Token not provided' });

  jwt.verify(token, process.env.JWT_SECRET, (err, user) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error('JWT verification error:', err);
      return res.status(403).json({ error: true, message: 'Invalid token' });
    }
    req.user = user;
    next();
  });
};


module.exports = verifyToken

I'm not sure why I'm getting this error since I'm providing the id argument in the where clause when calling prisma.user.findUnique. Any help on resolving this issue would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

this is the error:

    try {
      // Fetch user from database
→.    const user = await prisma.user.findUnique({
         where: {
           id: undefined,
       ?   email?: String,
       ?   AND?: UserWhereInput | UserWhereInput[],
       ?   OR?: UserWhereInput[],
       ?   NOT?: UserWhereInput | UserWhereInput[],
       ?   username?: StringFilter | String,
       ?   password?: StringFilter | String,
       ?   createdAt?: DateTimeFilter | DateTime,
       ?   updatedAt?: DateTimeFilter | DateTime,
       ?   role?: EnumRoleFilter | Role,
       ?   profile?: ProfileNullableRelationFilter | ProfileWhereInput | Null,
       ?   review?: ReviewListRelationFilter
         },
         select: {
           email: true,
           username: true,
           password: true,
           createdAt: true,
           updatedAt: true,
           role: true,
           profile: true
         }
       })

Argument `where` of type UserWhereUniqueInput needs at least one of `id` or `email` arguments. Available options are marked with ?.

Answer 1

The error Prisma is giving you is:

Argument `where` of type UserWhereUniqueInput needs at least one of `id` or `email` arguments.

This means that Prisma is not receiving either the id or email argument in the prisma.user.findUnique call. This probably means that req.user.userId is not present within your changePassword function. I would start debugging there to guarantee that req.user.userId exists before passing it to Prisma, because Prisma won't work as intended until you do.