Trouble with classes using stringstream

Question

I am doing a practice problem in HackerRank, and I am having trouble implementing the final task for this one issue I am having with classes.

It is a pretty simple program, it just uses a Student class with setter and getter functions to take in a student's information (age, firstname, lastname, and academic standard), and uses an stringstream to output that data.

However, at the very end is where I am having trouble. I am supposed to create a to_string() function which returns a string consisting of the above elements, separated by a comma (,). I think I am just mis-understanding how to use ostringstream.

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

class Student{
    private:
        int age;
        std::string first_name;
        std::string last_name;
        int standard;
    public:
        void set_age(int age){
            age = age;
        }
        int get_age(){
            return age;
        }
        void set_standard(int standard){
            standard = standard;
        }
        int get_standard(){
            return standard;
        }
        void set_first_name(std::string first_name){
            first_name = first_name;
        }
        std::string get_first_name(){
            return first_name;
        }
        void set_last_name(std::string last_name){
            last_name = last_name;
        }
        std::string get_last_name(){
            return last_name;
        }
        std::string to_string(){
            std::stringstream os;
            os << age << "," << first_name << "," << last_name << "," << standard << std::endl;
            return os.str();
        }
};

int main() {
    int age, standard;
    std::string first_name, last_name;
    
    std::cin >> age >> first_name >> last_name >> standard;
    
    Student st;
    st.set_age(age);
    st.set_standard(standard);
    st.set_first_name(first_name);
    st.set_last_name(last_name);
    
    std::cout << st.get_age() << "\n";
    std::cout << st.get_last_name() << ", " << st.get_first_name() << "\n";
    std::cout << st.get_standard() << "\n";
    std::cout << "\n";
    std::cout << st.to_string();
    
    return 0;
}

Input Example:

15
john
carmack
10

Expected output:

15
carmack, john
10

15,john,carmack,10

My output:

2
, 
0
2,,,0

Answer 1

All of your class setters suffer from the same problem - each input parameter has the same name as its corresponding class member. As such, each parameter is shadowing the class member, so you end up assigning the input value back to the parameter, rather than to the class member.

Thus, none of your class members are actually being assigned any input values at all, which is why you are getting garbage in your output.

Once you fix the shadowing issue, you will get your expected output:

void set_age(int /*age*/value){
    age = /*age*/value;
}
...
void set_standard(int /*standard*/value){
    standard = /*standard*/value;
}
...
void set_first_name(std::string /*first_name*/value){
    first_name = /*first_name*/value;
}
...
void set_last_name(std::string /*last_name*/value){
    last_name = /*last_name*/value;
}
...

On a side note: to_string() should use std::ostringstream instead of std::stringstream. And to_string(), and all of the getters, should be marked as const, since they aren't modifying the Student object.

Online Demo