Getopts uses OPTIND to store the positional argument number. It is then a practice to shift the positional arguments in the following way.
shift "$(( OPTIND - 1 ))"
For what purpose does one do that ?
Shifting positional arguments after call to getopts
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The purpose of shifting the positional arguments using
shift "$(( OPTIND - 1 ))"after using getopts is to remove all the options and their corresponding arguments that have already been processed by getopts. This ensures that the remaining arguments are the non-option arguments that can be processed separately.OPTINDcontains the index of the next argument to be processed by getopts, so subtracting 1 from it gives the number of options processed, which is the number of arguments to shift.